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Chapter 22 . E-Mailing and Web Browsing 617 of Firefox from the Linux distribution you are using or directly from Mozilla.org. To keep up on the latest security news and information about Firefox and other Mozilla products, refer to the Mozilla Security Center (www.mozilla.org/security). Tips for Using Firefox There are so many nice features in Firefox, it s hard to cover all of them. Just to point you toward a few more fun and useful features, here are some tips for using Firefox: . Add smart keywords Many Web sites include their own search boxes to allow you to look for information on their sites. With Firefox, you can assign a smart keyword to any search box on the Web, and then use that keyword from the location bar in the Firefox browser to search that site. For example, go to the Linux Documentation Project site (http://tldp.org). Right-click in the Search/Resources search box. Select Add a Keyword for this Search from the menu that appears. Add a name (Linux Documentation) and a keyword (tldp) and select Add to add the keyword to your Bookmarks. After you have added the keyword, you can use it by simply entering the keyword and one or more search terms to the Firefox location box (on the navigation toolbar). For example, I entered tldp Lego Mindstorms and came up with a list of HOWTOs for using Lego Mindstorms in Linux. . Check config Firefox has hundreds of configuration preferences available to set as you please. You can see those options by typing about:config into the location box. For true/false options, you can simply click on the preference name to toggle it between the two values. For other preferences, click the preference to enter a value into a pop-up box. While many of these values can be changed through the Preferences menu (Edit. Preferences), some technical people prefer to look at settings in a list like the one shown on the about:config page. . Multiple home pages Instead of just having one home page, you can have a whole set of home pages. When you start Firefox, a separate tab will open in the Firefox window for each address you identify in your home page list. To do this, create multiple tabs (File.New Tab) and enter the address for each page you want in your list of home pages. Then select Edit.Preferences. General and click the Use Current Pages button. The next time you open Firefox, it will start with the selected tabs open to the home pages you chose. (Clicking the Home icon will open new tabs for all the home pages.) There are many more things you can do with Firefox than I have covered in this chapter. If you have questions about Firefox features or you just want to dig up some more cool stuff about Firefox, I recommend checking out the MozillaZine forum for Firefox support: http://forums.mozillazine.org/viewforum.php?f=38 This page has a sticky link to Miscellaneous Firefox Tips and a good FAQ post.
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616 Part IV . Running Applications has become the Web browser of choice for many security-conscious people. Here are some ways that Firefox helps make your Web browsing more secure: . ActiveX Because of major security flaws found in ActiveX, Firefox will simply not play ActiveX content. If you absolutely must be able to play ActiveX content, a plug-in is in development to provide controlled support for ActiveX. Follow the progress of this project at the Mozilla ActiveX Project home page (www.iol.ie/~locka/mozilla/mozilla.htm) . Pop-ups When pop-up windows are encountered as you browse with Firefox, a message (by default) tells you that Firefox prevented this site from opening a popup window. By clicking on that message, you have an opportunity to allow all pop-ups from that site, just allow the requested pop-up, or edit your pop-up settings. . Privacy preferences From the Privacy window in Firefox (select Edit. Preferences, and then click the Privacy button), you can clear stored private information from your browser in a single click. This is a particularly good feature if you have just used a computer that is not yours to browse the Web. You can select to individually clear your History, information saved in forms you might have filled in, any passwords saved by the browser, history of what you have downloaded, cookies, and cached files. As an alternative, you can click Clear All and clear all that information from Firefox in one click. . Certificates In Firefox, you can install and manage certificates that can be used for validating a Web site and safely performing encryption of communications to that site. Using the Preferences window (select Edit.Preferences, and then click the Advanced button), you can manage certificates under the Certificates heading. Select Manage Certificates to display a window that lets you import new certificates or view certificates that are already installed. Firefox will check that certificates you encounter are valid (and warn you if they are not). Along with all the excellent security features built into Firefox, it s important that you incorporate good security practices in your Web browsing. Here are some general tips for safe Web browsing: . Download and install software only from sites that are secure and known to you to be safe. . For any online transactions, make sure you are communicating with a secure site (look for the https protocol in the location box and closed lock icon in the lower-right corner of the screen). . Be careful about being redirected to another Web site when doing a financial transaction. An IP address in the site s address or misspellings on a screen where you enter credit card information are warning signs that you have been directed to an untrustworthy site. Because new exploits are being discovered all the time, it s important that you keep your Web browser up to date. That means that, at the least, you need to get updates
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Chapter 22 . E-Mailing and Web Browsing 615 . Improve tab browsing (Tabbrowser Preferences) Although Firefox already gives you some nice features for using tabs to keep multiple Web pages open in the same Firefox window, Tabbrowser Preferences takes those features a step further. Select Edit.Preferences.Tabbed Browsing. The Tabbed Browsing selections let you refine how tabs work in Firefox. You can set what motion selects tabs (such as mouse-over as opposed to clicking), put tabs on the bottom instead of the top, or choose whether or not to load the home page in a new tab. . Watch your weather (ForecastFox) With ForecastFox, the latest weather for any region you select can be just a click away in Firefox. After you install ForecastFox and restart Firefox, a pop-up window lets you configure ForecastFox options. Select at least Find Code, to choose the area in which you want to keep up on weather. Save your options and a weather icon appears in the lower-right corner of Firefox. Move your mouse over that icon to see a quick view of the current weather. Double-click the icon to have a more detailed weather report displayed from www.weather.com. . Check Internet speed (Bandwidth Tester) The Bandwidth Tester can give you a sense of how fast you are able to download data over your Internet connection. The tester downloads five files, based on the type of connection you indicate, and tells you the speed at which that data was downloaded. After you have installed an extension, you need to restart Firefox for it to take effect. In some cases, a change to an extension s option will also require you to restart Firefox. If you want to uninstall an extension, change an extension s options, or get more extensions, select Tools.Extensions from Firefox. The window that appears shows you a list of installed extensions and lets you change them. Select Get More Extensions to go directly to Mozilla s Firefox Extensions page. Changing Firefox Themes There are several themes available for changing the look and feel of your Firefox window. From the Mozilla update site (http://addons.mozilla.org), select Firefox themes. When you download a theme for Firefox, it knows that it is a Firefox theme and, on the download window, it gives you the option to install the theme by clicking on the Use Theme button. To change a theme later or get more Themes, select Tools.Themes. After you have installed a new theme and selected it as your current theme, you need to restart Firefox for the new theme to take effect. Securing Firefox Security has been one of the strongest reasons for people switching to Firefox. By prohibiting the most unsafe types of content from playing in Firefox, and by warning you of potentially dangerous or annoying content before displaying it, Firefox
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614 Part IV . Running Applications Firefox comes with several of the Linux distributions included with this book. You can download the latest version of Firefox at www.mozilla.org/products/ firefox. At the time of this writing, Firefox 1.5 is near completion. A nice feature of the Damn Small Linux distribution is that it offers a menu selection for downloading and starting Firefox from a bootable Linux environment. Select the MyDSL icon, and then choose Firefox Web Browser from the Network button. Extending Firefox Firefox can handle most standard Web content (HTML, JPEG, text files) without any trouble. As with any browser, however, some content requires additions of plug-ins or helper applications to be able to play or display that content. Firefox also allows you to add extensions that let you enhance the features available in Firefox. Most plug-ins created to be used for Mozilla Navigator will work for Firefox as well. See the description of Mozilla plug-ins earlier in this chapter for information on adding plug-ins for both Mozilla and Firefox browsers. Besides plug-ins, Firefox also allows you to add extensions and themes. To find available Firefox extensions and themes, start from the Mozilla.org Firefox product page (www.mozilla.org/products/firefox). From there, follow the Get Extensions and Themes link. The following sections describe some popular Firefox extensions and themes. Adding Firefox Extensions Here are some of the most popular extensions to Firefox that are available from Mozilla.org: . Downloading tool (FlashGot) If you like to download groups of files from your Web browser, FlashGot can be a very useful tool. With FlashGot installed, you can select to download an individual file, files identified by highlighting links on a Web page, or all files linked from the current Web page. There is also a Build Gallery feature that lets you identify a range of filenames to download at once. When FlashGot is installed, you can access it from Firefox by selecting Tools. FlashGot, and then choosing a feature from the menu. In Fedora Core, FlashGot passes requests to kGet to complete the download. You can get other download tools to use instead of kGet. . Selectively block ads (Adblock) Using Adblock, you can selectively prevent ads from being displayed on the Web pages you visit. With Adblock installed, an Adblock button appears on the lower-right corner of Firefox. Click that button to see a window containing items on the current page you want to block. Right-click on an image and select Adblock Image to choose to block that image. Use an asterisk to block all content from a particular site (for example, www.example.com/*). Open the Adblock preferences window from Firefox (Tools. Adblock. Preferences) to see, edit, or remove blocked sites. Note
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Chapter 22 . E-Mailing and Web Browsing 613 (for example, cat index.html | w3m -T text/html). Use the Page Up and Page Down keys to page through a document. Press Enter on a link to go to that link. Press B to go back to the previous link. Search forward and back for text using the / (slash) and ? (question mark) keys, respectively. The w3m seems the most sophisticated of these browsers. It features a nice default font selection and seems to handle frames neatly; its use of colors also makes it easy to use. The links browser lets you use the mouse to cut and paste text. You can start any of these text-based Web browsers by entering a filename, or if you have an active connection to the network, a Web address as an option to the command name. For example, to read the w3m documentation (which is in HTML format) with a w3m browser, type the following from a Terminal window or other shell interface: $ w3m /usr/share/doc/w3m*/MANUAL.html An HTML version of the W3M Manual is displayed. Or you can give w3m a URL to a Web page, such as the following: $ w3m www.handsonhistory.com After a page is open, you can begin viewing the page and moving around to links included in it. Start by using the arrow keys to move around and select links. Use the Page Up and Page Down keys to page through text. Running the Firefox Web Browser Firefox is the latest Web browser from Mozilla.org and is intended to set a new direction and standard for Web browsers. Although Firefox was only recently upgraded to a 1.0 version (indicating the first official release), it is already the default Web browser for Fedora and other Linux systems. Firefox is being touted as the premier alternative to Microsoft Internet Explorer. So, besides being included with Linux systems, millions of copies have been downloaded for use on Windows systems. The Mozilla Project even gives help and encouragement in making the switch from Internet Explorer on the Mozilla.org Web site (www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/switch). Firefox contains the same rendering engine (gecko) that comes in Mozilla Navigator, but the user interface and many security features are brand new. Firefox also features faster performance and can run in less memory. Because it doesn t include all the mail, news, IRC, and similar clients (those are available separately from Mozilla), it should load and launch faster than Mozilla Navigator. If you are using applications other than Mozilla to provide those features, Firefox might be for you.
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612 Part IV . Running Applications column. Values for each node appear in the right column. Click a node name and the selected area is highlighted on the page below, with the node value appearing to the right. You can also use DOM inspector to inspect a window. Resizing the Web Page There is a nice keyboard shortcut that lets you quickly resize the text on most Web pages in Mozilla. Hold the Ctrl key and press the plus (+) or minus (-) keys. In most cases, the text on the Web page gets larger or smaller, respectively. That page with the insanely small type font is suddenly readable. Using Text-Based Web Browsers If you become a Linux administrator or power user, over time you will inevitably find yourself working on a computer from a remote login or where there is no desktop GUI available. At some point while you are in that state, you will want to check an HTML file or a Web page. To solve the problem, many Linux distributions include several text-based Web browsers. With text-based Web browsers, any HTML file available from the Web, your local file system, or a computer where you re remotely logged in can be accessed from your shell. There s no need to fire up your GUI or read pages of HTML markup if you just want to take a peek at the contents of a Web page. In addition to enabling you to call up Web pages, move around with those pages, and follow links to other pages, some of browsers even display graphics right in a Terminal window! Which browser you use is a matter of which you are more comfortable with. Browsers that are available include: . links You can open a file or a URL, and then traverse links from the pages you open. Use search forward (/string) and back (?string) features to find text strings in pages. Use up and down arrows to go forward and back among links. Press Enter to go to the current link. Use the right and left arrow keys to go forward and back among pages you have visited. Press Esc to see a menu bar of features from which to select. . lynx The lynx browser has a good set of help files (press the ? key). Step through pages using the spacebar. Although lynx can display pages containing frames, it cannot display them in the intended positioning. Use the arrow keys to display the selected link (right arrow), go back to the previous document (left arrow), select the previous link (up arrow), and select the next link (down arrow). . w3m This browser can display HTML pages containing text, links, frames, and tables. It even tries to display images (although it is a bit shaky). There are both English and Japanese help files available (press H with w3m running). You can also use w3m to page through an HTML document in plain text
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Chapter 22 . E-Mailing and Web Browsing 611 3. Click the Block Unrequested Popup Windows box. 4. Click OK. You won t get any more pop-up windows from this point on. As the Preferences window notes, by blocking all pop-ups you might keep some Web sites from working properly. Click the Allowed Sites button to allow pop-ups on certain sites that you choose. Using Tabbed Browsing If you switch back and forth among several Web pages, you can use the tabbed browsing feature to hold multiple pages in your browser window at once. You can open a new tab for browsing by simply selecting File.New.Navigator Tab or by pressing Ctrl+T. You can also tailor how tabbed browsing works from a Web page or from the Location box. Here s how: 1. Click Edit.Preferences. The Preferences window appears. 2. Click Tabbed Browsing under the Navigator category. 3. Select one or both of these boxes, depending on how you want to use tabbed browsing: Middle-click, Control+click or Control+Enter on links in a Web page Selecting this box lets you open a link to another Web page in a new tab. For this to work, click the middle mouse button on a link, hold the Ctrl key while you click the left mouse button on a link, or (with the link highlighted) hold the Ctrl key and press Enter. Control+Enter in the Location bar After you type a Web address (URL) into the Location box, hold the Ctrl key and press Enter to open the new page in a tab. 4. Click OK. You can begin using the tabbed browser feature. A tab for each tabbed page appears at the top of the Navigator pane. To close a tab, create a new tab, bookmark a group of tabs, or reload tabs, right-click one of the tabs and choose the function you want from the drop-down menu. One of the easiest ways to open a link in a tab is to right-click over a link on an HTML page. Select the Open Link in New Tab choice. Using the DOM Inspector If you are debugging a Web page that you are creating, the Document Object Model (DOM) Inspector can be useful for checking out the structure of your page and dynamically updating the DOM you are traversing. To open the DOM inspector, from the Mozilla window click Tools.Web Development.DOM Inspector. In the DOM Inspector window, type the URL to the Web page you want to check out. The nodes representing the head, body, tables, fonts, and so on appear in the left
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610 Part IV . Running Applications . JavaScript Allow or disallow JavaScript content to play in Mozilla Navigator. . Clear Cache Delete all cached content from memory and disk. . Kill Flash Kill all embedded Flash content on the current page. . Save Page Save the current page and, optionally, its supporting images and other content, to your hard disk. . Real UA Choose to have your browser identified as itself (current version of Mozilla) or any of the following: Mozilla 1.0 (in Windows 98), Netscape Navigator 4.7 (in Macintosh), Netscape 6.2 (in Linux), Internet Explorer 5.0 (in Macintosh), Internet Explorer 6.0 (in Windows XP), or Lynx (a text-based Web browser). The user agent (UA) setting is very useful when dealing with Web sites that require Internet Explorer (IE) (and usually IE on Windows, not Mac OS). The IE 6.0 WinXP setting is good enough to allow Mozilla to log on to the Microsoft Exchange webmail service, which is usually set up to require IE. If you want to run Linux in a mostly Windows organization, install the Preferences toolbar. Click the Customize button to add other buttons to the toolbar. You can add buttons to clear your History or Location bar entries. You can even add a Popups button to prevent a page from opening a pop-up window from Mozilla. Many of the preferences take effect immediately. Others may require you to restart Mozilla. Adding Java Support If you want to display some Java content, but you see only a broken puzzle piece and a failure message that says you need a plug-in to view application/x-java-whatever content, you can install the software you need from the Sun Microsystems Web site (www.sun.com). Look for the Java 2 Runtime Environment package from java.sun.com/download. It should say something like Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition. Be sure to select the edition that runs on Linux. Doing Cool Things with Mozilla Some neat bells and whistles are built into Mozilla that can make your browsing more pleasant. The following sections explore a few of those features. Blocking Pop-ups You can block annoying pop-up windows using the Mozilla Preferences window. Here s how: 1. Click Edit.Preferences. The Preferences window appears. 2. Click Popup Windows under the Privacy & Security category.
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Chapter 22 . E-Mailing and Web Browsing 609 click the Links tab to see links on that page to other content on the Web. Click the Security tab to see information about verification and encryption used on the page. Improving Mozilla Browsing Not every Web site you visit with Mozilla is going to play well. Some sites don t follow standards, use unreadable fonts, choose colors that make it hard to see, or demand that you use a particular type of browser to view their content. To improve your browsing experience, there are several things you can add to Mozilla. If you encounter a problem with Mozilla that you can t overcome, I recommend that you refer to the Mozilla Bugzilla database (https://bugizilla.mozilla.org). This site is an excellent place to search for bugs others have found (many times you can get workarounds to your problems) or enter a bug report yourself. Adding a Preferences Toolbar Did you ever run into a Web page that required you to use a particular type or version of a browser or had fonts or colors that made a page unreadable? The Mozilla preferences toolbar called PrefBar3 enables you to try to spoof Web sites into thinking you are running a different browser. It also lets you choose settings that might improve colors, fonts, and other attributes on difficult-to-read pages. You can install the neat little toolbar from the Mozdev.org site (http://prefbar. mozdev.org). Click the Install link, and after it is installed, restart Mozilla. Figure 22-7 shows an example of PrefBar3 that has been installed in Mozilla. Figure 22-7: Change colors, fonts, and browser types on-the-fly with the Mozdev.org preferences toolbar. The default set of buttons lets you do the following: . Colors Change between default colors and those set on the Web page. . Images Toggle between having images loaded or not loaded on pages you display. Note
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608 Part IV . Running Applications After you install the CrossOver Plugin, you see a nice Plugin Setup window that lets you selectively install plug-ins for QuickTime 6.5, Windows Media Player 6.4, Shockwave 8.5, Flash 6, iTunes, and Lotus Notes, as well as Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint viewers. (Support for later versions of these content formats may be available by the time you read this.) You can also install other multimedia plug-ins, as well as a variety of fonts to use with those plug-ins. Follow the installation instructions that come with the plug-in you downloaded. If the plug-in comes in an RPM file, install it as you would any other software package if you are using an RPM-based Linux distribution (rpm -Uvh package command). If the plug-in doesn t come with instructions, just copy the plug-in file (the .so file) to the system plug-in directory (such as /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins) or your personal plug-ins directory (probably $HOME/.mozilla/plugins), if you are not otherwise instructed. When you restart Mozilla, the plug-ins are automatically picked up from those locations. Most plug-ins that work for Mozilla work for Firefox as well. To have the plug-in available for all users who run Firefox on the system, put the plug-in in the /usr/lib/ firefox-*/plugins directory. Using Mozilla Navigator Controls If you have used a Web browser before, the Mozilla Navigator controls are probably as you might expect: location box, forward and back buttons, file and edit menus, and so on. There are a few controls with Mozilla, though, that you might not be used to seeing, such as these: . Display Sidebar Press the F9 function key to toggle the sidebar on and off. The sidebar is a left column on your Mozilla screen for allowing quick access to Searches, Bookmarks, and History. Use the Search tab to search for Web content; the Bookmarks tab to add your own bookmarks; and the History tab to return to pages on your history list. The What s Related tab shows a list of links available from the current Web page. . Send Web Content You can send an e-mail containing either the current Web page (File.Send Page) or the URL of the current Web page (File.Send Link) to selected recipients. . Search the Internet You can search the Internet for a keyword phrase in many different ways. Choose Tools.Search the Web to open a Netscape Web site that lets you search the Internet, or type one or more keywords in the Location box and then click Search. And of course you can use the sidebar s Search tab described earlier. . View Web Page Info You can view information about the location of a Web page, the location of each of its components, the dates the page was modified, and other information by choosing View.Page Info. In the Page Info window,
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