Chapter 28 . Programming Environments and Interfaces 769 (Free web hosting services)
Chapter 28 . Programming Environments and Interfaces 769 That said, while a CLI might seem spartan to the newcomer, programming at the command line is surprisingly powerful and allows you to mix and match best-ofbreed tools in a way that most IDEs cannot begin to approach. The CLI programming environment can match the environment provided by GUIs feature for feature, with the single exception of the graphical interface itself. The inconvenience, if inconvenience it is, arises from the fact that the CLI programming environment relies on separate tools. For example, assuming you are working in the X Window System, you might be running one or more text editors, such as vi, pico, nano, joe, or emacs, each in its own xterm. You might use another xterm for compiling your program, either by invoking the compiler gcc (the GNU compiler collection) directly, or by using the make utility. In still another window you might be running a debugger such as gdb (the GNU debugger). If you are unfamiliar with the library you are using, you might have a Web browser open to view some sort of online documentation, or you might be using a program such as xman that displays Linux manual (man) pages in a graphical format. It is not a given, however, that graphical IDEs are better than using discrete tools. Rather, it is a matter of which model developers feel most comfortable using, which method makes developers the most productive, and which approach best fits each developer s personal working style. Many long-time UNIX and Linux developers feel more comfortable with and work more productively using command-line tools: vi or emacs for writing and editing code, gcc and make for compilation, and gdb and kgdb for debugging. In any event, the lines are not so sharply drawn. Emacs, for example, has the facility to invoke both compilation and debugging facilities, has an extremely rich codeediting interface (syntax highlighting and automatic indentation, for example), and also supports other code development features. Emacs also includes features such as source code control, symbol and class browsing, and built-in support for at least three different online help facilities. If you prefer vi, it can be also be configured to support symbol and class browsing using the ctags program, has basic syntax highlighting (depending on the implementation), and can also work with the error messages produced by failed compilation. Perhaps the GUI versus CLI debate boils down to this distinction: CLI-oriented programming environments give developers direct access to the tools and utilities they need, don t consume system resources to draw an attractive GUI, and don t provide so-called point-and-click programming. GUI-oriented programming environments hide the tools and utilities underneath a consistent, unified interface; provide a convenient dash board or instrument panel for access to the necessary programming tools; and let developers take advantage of some of the conveniences associated with graphical environments.
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